biostudies-literatureUnknown15Fang J<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to explore the characteristics intratumoral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and elucidate the interplay between intratumoral microbial profiles (relative abundance/absolute load) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markers (CD4⁺/CD8⁺/FOXP3) and PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed 45 OSCC tissue samples alongside paired paracancerous (n=10) and normal oral microbiota controls (n=8). Microbial composition was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4 regions), with bacterial load quantified via qPCR targeting the V4-1 region. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry.<h4>Results</h4><i>Spirochaetota</i> was concentrated in the CD4⁺ as well as CD8<sFrontiers in oncology1616928https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12497615biostudies-literatureIntratumoral microbial abundance and load influence the immune microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.PMC12497615Wu MFang JZhang TShen HLiu WfalseIntratumoral microbial abundance and load influence the immune microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to explore the characteristics intratumoral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and elucidate the interplay between intratumoral microbial profiles (relative abundance/absolute load) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markers (CD4⁺/CD8⁺/FOXP3) and PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed 45 OSCC tissue samples alongside paired paracancerous (n=10) and normal oral microbiota controls (n=8). Microbial composition was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4 regions), with bacterial load quantified via qPCR targeting the V4-1 region. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry.<h4>Results</h4><i>Spirochaetota</i> was concentrated in the CD4⁺ as well as CD8<s2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-05-06T03:16:21.815Z2026-05-06T03:12:23.851ZS-EPMC124976154105929010.3389/fonc.2025.1616928