biostudies-literatureWong SYCrohn&apos;s and Colitis Foundation of AmericaAmerican College of GastroenterologyNIDDK NIH HHSNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural ResearchNIAID NIH HHSCrohn&apos;s and Colitis FoundationNIH101533https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12506532biostudies-literatureUnknown19(12)<h4>Background & aims</h4>The role of goblet cells in small intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown. Polymorphisms of NOD2 confer risk for CD and associate with small intestinal disease location. We previously showed in mice that Nod2 deficiency leads to overexpansion of Phocaeicola vulgatus in the gut and downstream goblet cell defects, which preceded small intestinal inflammation. In this study, we ask whether goblet cell defects occur in patients with CD with NOD2 polymorphisms and investigate in mice how Pvulgatus signals through the intestinal epithelium.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a retrospective study of patients with CD to assess clinical outcomes and goblet cell histology by NOD2 status. We evaluated the contribution of microbiota and MyD88 signaling in the intCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatologyGoblet Cell Loss Linked to NOD2 and Secondary Resection in Crohn's Disease Is Induced by Dysbiosis and Epithelial MyD88.PMC12506532R01 DK103788R01 AI130945Jang KKYang HEstevinho MMCadwell KGiselbrecht ELewis JDPaulsen JDBittinger KDaniel SGWong SYKo HMDing YCho JHZhou CRosas-Villegas ARamanan DMarshall AAHeaney TfalseGoblet Cell Loss Linked to NOD2 and Secondary Resection in Crohn's Disease Is Induced by Dysbiosis and Epithelial MyD88.<h4>Background & aims</h4>The role of goblet cells in small intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown. Polymorphisms of NOD2 confer risk for CD and associate with small intestinal disease location. We previously showed in mice that Nod2 deficiency leads to overexpansion of Phocaeicola vulgatus in the gut and downstream goblet cell defects, which preceded small intestinal inflammation. In this study, we ask whether goblet cell defects occur in patients with CD with NOD2 polymorphisms and investigate in mice how Pvulgatus signals through the intestinal epithelium.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a retrospective study of patients with CD to assess clinical outcomes and goblet cell histology by NOD2 status. We evaluated the contribution of microbiota and MyD88 signaling in the int2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-07-15T14:31:56.339Z2026-07-06T03:08:52.043ZS-EPMC125065324037892110.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101533