biostudies-literatureUnknown21Akhavan B<h4>Background</h4>Since 2022, the global epidemiology of Mpox (MPXV) has transformed, with Clade IIb driving widespread transmission in non-endemic regions and Clade I resurging across Central Africa. Genomic adaptations, such as APOBEC3 mutations, and increasing human-to-human transmission have raised public health alarms. This review synthesizes the latest evidence on Clade I and Clade II MPXV outbreaks from 2022 to 2024, with an emphasis on geographic expansion, demographic disparities, and systemic response gaps.<h4>Methods</h4>A comprehensive literature search was conducted between September and December 2024 using PubMed, CDC, WHO, and ECDC databases. Studies were included if they reported primary data on Clade I or Clade II MPXV epidemiology. Gray literature, including public healtOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)101232https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12538092biostudies-literatureFrom forest to frontline: A comprehensive review of Mpox's global leap and viral evolution (2022-2024).PMC12538092Alkhouri STo WBatra KAkhavan BAhmed ABfalseFrom forest to frontline: A comprehensive review of Mpox's global leap and viral evolution (2022-2024).<h4>Background</h4>Since 2022, the global epidemiology of Mpox (MPXV) has transformed, with Clade IIb driving widespread transmission in non-endemic regions and Clade I resurging across Central Africa. Genomic adaptations, such as APOBEC3 mutations, and increasing human-to-human transmission have raised public health alarms. This review synthesizes the latest evidence on Clade I and Clade II MPXV outbreaks from 2022 to 2024, with an emphasis on geographic expansion, demographic disparities, and systemic response gaps.<h4>Methods</h4>A comprehensive literature search was conducted between September and December 2024 using PubMed, CDC, WHO, and ECDC databases. Studies were included if they reported primary data on Clade I or Clade II MPXV epidemiology. Gray literature, including public healt2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-04T16:15:07.905Z2026-05-13T14:24:24.19ZS-EPMC125380924112762810.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101232