biostudies-literatureLagunas AGovernment of Catalonia (CERCA Programe01286https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12548003biostudies-literatureUnknown21(42)Electron transfer (ET) between redox proteins is an essential process in the respiratory and photosynthetic transport chains. While intra-protein ET is well characterized, the experimental methods to investigate inter-protein ET are limited by the presence of the solvent and by the transient nature of the protein-protein interaction and ET event, which are averaged in protein ensembles. Wiring precisely oriented redox protein partners to the nanoscale electrodes of an electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope allows recording the time- and distance-dependence of the current flowing between them. These methods have revealed that the current flowing between individual protein pairs extends beyond tunneling distances and that it is electrochemically gated. However, the corresponding mechaSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)Long-Distance Charge Transport between Cytochrome c and Complex III is Mediated by Protons and Reactive Oxygen Species.PMC12548003AGAUR 2021-SGR-014102021-SGR-006802021-SGR-01545Guerra-Castellano ASamitier Jla Rosa MALagunas AGorostiza PGomila AMJDiaz-Moreno INin-Hill APerez-Mejias GRovira CfalseLong-Distance Charge Transport between Cytochrome c and Complex III is Mediated by Protons and Reactive Oxygen Species.Electron transfer (ET) between redox proteins is an essential process in the respiratory and photosynthetic transport chains. While intra-protein ET is well characterized, the experimental methods to investigate inter-protein ET are limited by the presence of the solvent and by the transient nature of the protein-protein interaction and ET event, which are averaged in protein ensembles. Wiring precisely oriented redox protein partners to the nanoscale electrodes of an electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope allows recording the time- and distance-dependence of the current flowing between them. These methods have revealed that the current flowing between individual protein pairs extends beyond tunneling distances and that it is electrochemically gated. However, the corresponding mecha2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-06-05T05:40:32.718Z2026-06-03T03:07:59.394ZS-EPMC125480034093762110.1002/smll.202501286