biostudies-literatureChan DRobert A. and Renee E. Belfer Family FoundationThe Dolby FamilyLarry and Debora HilibrandNCATS NIH HHSGary Hua and Li ChenDave and Mary WargoDonald A. and Glenda G. MattesAlan and Susan PatricofJoseph P. DiSabato and Nancy E. SakamotoJames D. Cook, and the Nobert H. Hardner FoundationEduardo EurnekianDoris Duke Clinical Scientist Development AwardPicower Clinical FellowshipAlex Hu and Anne GaoEleanor Schwartz Charitable FoundationChe King LeoDavid B. EmmesCarol and Gene Ludwig Family FoundationNIH Loan Repayment ProgramHalis Family FoundationKathleen and Miguel OctavioElizabeth K. and Russell L. SiegelmanKo Han FamilyLester Gimpelsonthe Degroof-VM FoundationAmy Wong and Calvin ChinChijen LeeFreedom Together FoundationMarc Haas Foundatione70792https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12552893biostudies-literatureUnknown21(10)<h4>Introduction</h4>We evaluated the long-term effects of daily 40 Hz (gamma frequency) audiovisual stimulation on cognition and biomarkers in five patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).<h4>Methods</h4>Over 2 years, patients received 1-h daily stimulation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess neural entrainment; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured brain volumes; actigraphy monitored activity patterns; neuropsychological tests evaluated cognition; and S-PLEX assay measured plasma pTau217.<h4>Results</h4>No adverse events occurred over the study period. Three female patients with late-onset AD (LOAD) retained strong EEG entrainment and showed less decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and Functional Assessment Scale (FAS) scoAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's AssociationGamma sensory stimulation in mild Alzheimer's dementia: An open-label extension study.PMC12552893UDIW8172UL1 TR00254115367Kitchener EHammerschlag BTouroutoglou AArnold SFirenze RBrown ENQuay MJPhilips RJackson BLZheng MKlerman EBKivisakk PSuk HJAvalos VSFMilman NPChan DAoki KDickerson BCde Weck GBoyden ESGeigenmuller URuiz ETsai LHBrickhouse MBecker AfalseGamma sensory stimulation in mild Alzheimer's dementia: An open-label extension study.<h4>Introduction</h4>We evaluated the long-term effects of daily 40 Hz (gamma frequency) audiovisual stimulation on cognition and biomarkers in five patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).<h4>Methods</h4>Over 2 years, patients received 1-h daily stimulation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess neural entrainment; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured brain volumes; actigraphy monitored activity patterns; neuropsychological tests evaluated cognition; and S-PLEX assay measured plasma pTau217.<h4>Results</h4>No adverse events occurred over the study period. Three female patients with late-onset AD (LOAD) retained strong EEG entrainment and showed less decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and Functional Assessment Scale (FAS) sco2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-07-15T12:20:30.83Z2026-07-04T03:13:19.544ZS-EPMC125528934113761610.1002/alz.70792