biostudies-literatureLi RCClinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development CenterChang Jiang Scholars Program, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Cell TherapyMulticenter Clinical Research Project by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Municipal Education Commission Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant SupportNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of China131https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12553287biostudies-literatureUnknown17(1)<h4>Background</h4>Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the most common subtype of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Extranodal involvement (ENI) indicates a poor clinical outcome in patients who received rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. Recent studies indicate that genetic alterations and tumor microenvironment dysregulation drive extranodal dissemination and lymphoma progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ENI in FL remain to be fully elucidated.<h4>Methods</h4>Aiming to investigate the influence of oncogenic mutations and tumor microenvironment alterations on ENI in FL, the clinical features of 501 patients with newly diagnosed FL receiving rituximab-based therapy were analyzed, with DNA and RNA sequencing performed on 403 and 175 patients, respectively.<h4>Results</hGenome medicineClinical characteristics and molecular heterogeneity in Follicular lymphoma with extranodal involvement.PMC125532872022YFC250260081900193DLY201601SHDC2020CR1032B8213000423J4190010020152206Zheng ZChen SYYi HMXu TYFeng YDong LLi RCZhao WLWang XHZhang HLXu PPWang LCheng SWang NSun RShen RTang WfalseClinical characteristics and molecular heterogeneity in Follicular lymphoma with extranodal involvement.<h4>Background</h4>Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the most common subtype of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Extranodal involvement (ENI) indicates a poor clinical outcome in patients who received rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. Recent studies indicate that genetic alterations and tumor microenvironment dysregulation drive extranodal dissemination and lymphoma progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ENI in FL remain to be fully elucidated.<h4>Methods</h4>Aiming to investigate the influence of oncogenic mutations and tumor microenvironment alterations on ENI in FL, the clinical features of 501 patients with newly diagnosed FL receiving rituximab-based therapy were analyzed, with DNA and RNA sequencing performed on 403 and 175 patients, respectively.<h4>Results</h2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-06-05T04:52:01.597Z2026-05-13T14:28:33.021ZS-EPMC125532874113706210.1186/s13073-025-01557-y