biostudies-literatureGao CJiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development ProgramThe National Science and Technology Major Project of ChinaThe Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineThe Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China170https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12554855biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)<h4>Background</h4>Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, with a balance between hyperinflammation and immunosuppression, which determines the patient's immune status. Real-time monitoring of the immune status in sepsis is crucial for guiding immunotherapy. However, reliable biomarkers are lacking. This study aims to identify a panel of biomarkers for rapid bedside assessment of immune status in sepsis to guide immunotherapy decisions.<h4>Results</h4>TBX21, GNLY, PRF1, and IL2RB represent the immune status in sepsis. These genes demonstrated discriminatory power in the external validation, with area under the curve values ranging from 0.891 to 0.909 across several machine learning models. 99 double-blind randomized patients with sepsis were clustered into tAnnals of intensive careDevelopment of a gene panel for immune status assessment in sepsis.PMC12554855BE20197492023ZD050650081930058BM202000482341032BK20240210Qiu HLiu LLu XChao JChen HZhou XGao CJiang YNi YYang YXie JTang YWu XfalseDevelopment of a gene panel for immune status assessment in sepsis.<h4>Background</h4>Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, with a balance between hyperinflammation and immunosuppression, which determines the patient's immune status. Real-time monitoring of the immune status in sepsis is crucial for guiding immunotherapy. However, reliable biomarkers are lacking. This study aims to identify a panel of biomarkers for rapid bedside assessment of immune status in sepsis to guide immunotherapy decisions.<h4>Results</h4>TBX21, GNLY, PRF1, and IL2RB represent the immune status in sepsis. These genes demonstrated discriminatory power in the external validation, with area under the curve values ranging from 0.891 to 0.909 across several machine learning models. 99 double-blind randomized patients with sepsis were clustered into t2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-06-05T05:29:37.371Z2026-05-13T14:29:16.008ZS-EPMC125548554113976510.1186/s13613-025-01594-1