biostudies-literatureJi JFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Corn Industry Technology Systeme16455https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12561360biostudies-literatureUnknown12(40)Fungal pneumonia is a serious disease with great harm and high prevalence, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The gut and respiratory microbiota play a critical role in protecting lung health against fungal pneumonia. Here, it is established fungal pneumonia by infection via the sinopulmonary route with Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) to investigate the influence of gut microbiota state on susceptibility to fungal pneumonia in BALB/c mice. This findings revealed that F. graminearum spore exposure not only impaired pulmonary clearance mechanisms but also significantly upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, spore invasion led to an increaseAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota Protects against Susceptibility to Fungal Pneumonia.PMC1256136032125031CARS-02-40JUSRP22200132272437Yang JPing JLi JWu BJi JYe YSun XSheng LZhang YLuo LGao XWang YSun JfalseHomeostasis of Gut Microbiota Protects against Susceptibility to Fungal Pneumonia.Fungal pneumonia is a serious disease with great harm and high prevalence, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The gut and respiratory microbiota play a critical role in protecting lung health against fungal pneumonia. Here, it is established fungal pneumonia by infection via the sinopulmonary route with Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) to investigate the influence of gut microbiota state on susceptibility to fungal pneumonia in BALB/c mice. This findings revealed that F. graminearum spore exposure not only impaired pulmonary clearance mechanisms but also significantly upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, spore invasion led to an increase2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-06-05T09:18:38.845Z2026-05-15T03:12:23.69ZS-EPMC125613604075760110.1002/advs.202416455