biostudies-literatureLe Zthe National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaInternational Science and Technology Cooperation Key Special Project of the National Key Re-search and Development Program1176https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12562280biostudies-literatureUnknown16(10)<b>Background:</b> The Tibetan Plateau, which is known for its high elevation and low oxygen levels, presents a challenging environment for its inhabitants. To adapt to these hypoxic conditions, species of <i>Schizothoracine</i>, a subfamily of <i>Cyprinidae</i>, have developed unique physiological mechanisms and functions. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and the cellular immune response. However, its specific role in adaptation to hypoxia remains poorly understood. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we aimed to characterize the TGF-β1 gene in <i>Gymnocypris dobula</i> (<i>Gd</i>) and <i>Schizothorax prenanti</i> (<i>Sp</i>) and to test whether TGF-β1 contributes to hypoxia adaptation in pGenesAnalysis of the TGF-β1 of a Tibetan Plateau <i>Schizothoracine</i> Fish (<i>Gymnocypris dobula</i>) Revealed Enhanced Cytoprotection in Hypoxic Environments.PMC12562280317023122023YFE0104500Liu YWang CLe ZXu QWu XfalseAnalysis of the TGF-β1 of a Tibetan Plateau <i>Schizothoracine</i> Fish (<i>Gymnocypris dobula</i>) Revealed Enhanced Cytoprotection in Hypoxic Environments.<b>Background:</b> The Tibetan Plateau, which is known for its high elevation and low oxygen levels, presents a challenging environment for its inhabitants. To adapt to these hypoxic conditions, species of <i>Schizothoracine</i>, a subfamily of <i>Cyprinidae</i>, have developed unique physiological mechanisms and functions. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and the cellular immune response. However, its specific role in adaptation to hypoxia remains poorly understood. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we aimed to characterize the TGF-β1 gene in <i>Gymnocypris dobula</i> (<i>Gd</i>) and <i>Schizothorax prenanti</i> (<i>Sp</i>) and to test whether TGF-β1 contributes to hypoxia adaptation in p2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-05-15T03:24:44.368Z2026-05-15T03:08:39.747ZS-EPMC125622804115339310.3390/genes16101176