biostudies-literatureConnell JRDepartment of Defence Innovation Hub1211https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12562835biostudies-literatureUnknown16(10)<h4>Background/objectives</h4>High differentiation rates provided by Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are highly advantageous in most forensic and genealogical casework, as they enhance the ability to exclude close or moderately related individuals, refine an individual's position within a pedigree, and uncover the population substructure in otherwise homogeneous groups. However, the impact for historical remains identification casework is underexplored.<h4>Methods</h4>We present a pedigree analysis of 366 males from 183 pedigrees, separated by 4 to 16 meioses at 27 Y-STR loci, from the Yfiler Plus kit. The differentiation rate for a given degree of separation was defined as the proportion of pairs at that specific number of meioses showing at least one allelic difference, relatGenesPedigree-Based Estimation of Y-STR Mutation and Male Differentiation Rates: Application to Historical Remains Identification.PMC12562835P19-209484Zielke TArmstrong LGriffiths LRMitchell NWhite TConnell JRfalsePedigree-Based Estimation of Y-STR Mutation and Male Differentiation Rates: Application to Historical Remains Identification.<h4>Background/objectives</h4>High differentiation rates provided by Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are highly advantageous in most forensic and genealogical casework, as they enhance the ability to exclude close or moderately related individuals, refine an individual's position within a pedigree, and uncover the population substructure in otherwise homogeneous groups. However, the impact for historical remains identification casework is underexplored.<h4>Methods</h4>We present a pedigree analysis of 366 males from 183 pedigrees, separated by 4 to 16 meioses at 27 Y-STR loci, from the Yfiler Plus kit. The differentiation rate for a given degree of separation was defined as the proportion of pairs at that specific number of meioses showing at least one allelic difference, relat2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-05-14T03:20:51.929Z2026-05-14T03:12:49.144ZS-EPMC125628354115342810.3390/genes16101211