biostudies-literatureChang HYMinistry of Higher Education, MalaysiaUniversiti MalayaUniversity of MalayaMinistry of Higher Education1017https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12567581biostudies-literatureUnknown13(10)<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), often co-circulating and occasionally undergoing genetic recombination. While natural recombinants often involve genomic regions encoding non-structural proteins, their effects on replication and pathogenesis remain unclear. <b>Methods</b>: To address this, four chimera viruses (Chi-CCE, Chi-ECE, Chi-EEC, and Chi-CEC) were constructed with 5'UTR, capsid P1, and non-structural P2 and P3 genes, from CVA16 (denoted as C) or EV-A71 (denoted as E). These chimeras were tested for replication kinetics and cytopathic effects in rhabdomyosarcoma cells while <i>in vivo</i> virulence and protection efficacy were evaluated using a newborn BALB/c mouseVaccinesIntertypic Recombination Between Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus A71 Structural and Non-Structural Genes Modulates Virulence and Protection Efficacy.PMC12567581MG001-2024RK009-2021FRGS/1/2018/SKK11/UM/02/2PV001-2019Sam ICChang HYJasni KChan YFTee HKOng KCAbdullah SfalseIntertypic Recombination Between Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus A71 Structural and Non-Structural Genes Modulates Virulence and Protection Efficacy.<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), often co-circulating and occasionally undergoing genetic recombination. While natural recombinants often involve genomic regions encoding non-structural proteins, their effects on replication and pathogenesis remain unclear. <b>Methods</b>: To address this, four chimera viruses (Chi-CCE, Chi-ECE, Chi-EEC, and Chi-CEC) were constructed with 5'UTR, capsid P1, and non-structural P2 and P3 genes, from CVA16 (denoted as C) or EV-A71 (denoted as E). These chimeras were tested for replication kinetics and cytopathic effects in rhabdomyosarcoma cells while <i>in vivo</i> virulence and protection efficacy were evaluated using a newborn BALB/c mouse2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-07-10T03:26:11.531Z2026-07-10T03:16:15.239ZS-EPMC125675814115040510.3390/vaccines13101017