biostudies-literatureUnknown16Huang HThis study comprehensively investigated the metabolic profiling, pharmacological potential, and biosynthetic regulation of alkaloids in three <i>Murraya</i> species (<i>M. exotica</i>, <i>M. kwangsiensis</i>, and <i>M. tetramera</i>). Through integrative multi-omics approaches, including metabolomics, transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking, a total of 77 alkaloids were identified, categorized into 18 structural classes. Comparative analysis revealed species-specific accumulation patterns, with 50 alkaloids shared among all three species and unique metabolites detected in <i>M. exotica</i> and <i>M. kwangsiensis</i>. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed distinct alkaloid profiles, highlighting interspecies divergence. Network pharmacology identified 427 potentiFrontiers in plant science1675533https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12568637biostudies-literatureMetabolic profiling and pharmacological evaluation of alkaloids in three <i>Murraya</i> species.PMC12568637Peng YGeng XHuang HTang CLiu QWang XChen RLiu FWang LfalseMetabolic profiling and pharmacological evaluation of alkaloids in three <i>Murraya</i> species.This study comprehensively investigated the metabolic profiling, pharmacological potential, and biosynthetic regulation of alkaloids in three <i>Murraya</i> species (<i>M. exotica</i>, <i>M. kwangsiensis</i>, and <i>M. tetramera</i>). Through integrative multi-omics approaches, including metabolomics, transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking, a total of 77 alkaloids were identified, categorized into 18 structural classes. Comparative analysis revealed species-specific accumulation patterns, with 50 alkaloids shared among all three species and unique metabolites detected in <i>M. exotica</i> and <i>M. kwangsiensis</i>. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed distinct alkaloid profiles, highlighting interspecies divergence. Network pharmacology identified 427 potenti2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-05-14T03:17:39.11Z2026-05-14T03:12:06.209ZS-EPMC125686374116971510.3389/fpls.2025.1675533