biostudies-literatureBloom MSNIEHS NIH HHSNIH HHS992-1002https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12583149biostudies-literatureUnknown35(6)<h4>Background</h4>Research suggests racial/ethnic disparities in prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting environmental phenols (EPs) in limited populations. However, no studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in prenatal EP exposure across the U.S.<h4>Objectives</h4>To estimate demographic differences in prenatal urinary EPs among participants in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>An analysis of 4006 pregnant ECHO participants was performed, with 7854 specimens collected from 1999-2020. Racial/ethnic identity was self-reported. Urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF), and S (BPS), and methyl- (MePb), ethyl- (EtPb), propyl- (PrPb), and butyJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiologyRacial and ethnic differences in prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and parabens in the ECHO Cohort.PMC12583149U2C ES030857U24 ES026539U2C ES030859U24 OD023319U2C ES026555U2C ES026533UG3 OD035528UG3 OD035527UG3 OD035508UG3 OD035529UH3 OD023271UG3 OD035546UH3 OD023332UG3 OD035526UG3 OD035542UG3 OD035544UG3 OD035543UG3 OD035521U2C OD023375UH3 OD023318U2C ES030851UG3 OD035540U24 OD023382U2C ES026542U2C ES026561UG3 OD035509UG3 OD035517UG3 OD035516UG3 OD035519UG3 OD035518UG3 OD035513UH3 OD023320U24 OD035523UG3 OD035537UH3 OD023287UG3 OD035536UH3 OD023286UH3 OD023347UG3 OD035533UH3 OD023268UG3 OD035532UH3 OD023328UG3 OD035550Marsit CJLewis JLPotter JERennie BJBrennan PAZoratti EMAguiar AAlshawabkeh ANO'Connor TGSeroogy CMDouglas CJames-Todd TSingh AMCordero JFTaylor GWhitworth KWRomano MEGogcu SSchmidt RJAinsworth JRuden DMSpillane NTMagzamen SMacy MLKattan MEiland LRJan SSlaughter JLShah RVMargolis ABarrett ESAdair LCarroll KNLitonjua AAO'Shea TMBarone CJHazlett HYoung KFarzan SPaneth NHaddad ASCatellier DLai JSUrquhart AJohnson-Hooper TMiller MZhu ZZhu YNguyen RHNHunt KJStroustrup ASantos HMiller RD'Sa VEapen AZhao QKeim SAObeid RMoore PEMosquera RAPiven JOber CSchantz SLDunlop ALPorucznik CACheck JOken EGiardino APHamvas ASuri KNNzegwu AWLester BMHabre RAltman MLanda RNewby LKBishop SNeiderhiser JMMcGowan ECMcGrath MCassidy-Bushrow ANozadi SSStrakovsky RDager SThompson AMurray TSmith PBO'Connor GTDeMauro SBPaidas MJBennett DHMsall MWatkins DJMerhar SLJackson DJKerver JMStraughen JKFreedman JEWoodruff TECHO Cohort ConsortiumBear KTabb KAschner JLGilliland FDVaidya ROlidipo AFFrazier JASidebottom ACBlaser MJHartert TVBaumann-Blackmore NNorthrup TFNewschaffer CJFussman COzonoff SMitchell DKLewis DAmes JDuggal PMeirowitz NJensen EMacKenzie DMMa TSullivan AFHelderman JBKnapp EKatzow MWMonk CJoseph CLMKhurana Hershey GKHipwell AESchweitzer JBDas SRWegienka GLevin ADeoni SCLVolk HESymanski EChiuzan CPandey JPerng WMoore BFJackson WHernandez MEverson TMiller RKMorello-Frosch RMiller RLAvalos LAKaragas MRLuo LMcKennan CGMadan JCWoodcroft KHooper SRKress AHorton DBRosen TBacharier LBTepper RSNeal CRRyan PHBlackwell CKMeeker JNewman RBWilson JLiang DCarter BSVenkatesh KKSmith LMLemanske RFMansolf MAGoldstein JAMithal LBTylavsky FRuby NGaniban JMMaldonado ICroen LAAlkis MHPalomares KWilkening GRivera-Spoljaric KPryhuber GSHudak MLynch CDStanford JBCanino GBurris HHCella DDuthely LLynch SVJohnson CCDeRegnier ROCollett BGold DRUpadhyaya SKuiper JRGeiger SDMumford SLGangnon RGebretsadik TRollins JVFerrara ABush NRPadula AHockett CLoftus CTBendixsen CGAschner JMontgomery ALugo-Candelas CBlitz MJSitarik ABarr DDuarte CSMallal SAHerbstman JBOwnby DLoncar CMMcLean JATrasande LShilts MHLaSalle JMFuller AKaragas MPoindexter BMendez-Figueroa HDabelea DWood RAFisher SARafael TRinehart DJRochelson BSingh ROsmundson SElliott AKeenan KELyall KHacker MRElliott MRLeventhal BLMcEvoy CTSpindel ERHo EBotteron KLu KPastyrnak SLSakai CWright RJBuckley JPDavidson BLeWinn KZHedderson MMWright ROHertz-Picciotto ILenski MSheinkopf SJJoseph RMBekelman TALampland ALStarling APGern JEFry RCYee LMWashburn LKWeiss STGershon RDominguez-Bello MGStone WLyndaker AMRCamargo CASchultz RHasegawa KKim YSRollins CBloom MSKarr CJDaniels JJacobson LPBrown ZRoberts JRSathyanarayana SLeve LDMaitre NLMueller HGJaKa MMJimenez MPosner JMessinger DJayakumar AfalseRacial and ethnic differences in prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and parabens in the ECHO Cohort.<h4>Background</h4>Research suggests racial/ethnic disparities in prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting environmental phenols (EPs) in limited populations. However, no studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in prenatal EP exposure across the U.S.<h4>Objectives</h4>To estimate demographic differences in prenatal urinary EPs among participants in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>An analysis of 4006 pregnant ECHO participants was performed, with 7854 specimens collected from 1999-2020. Racial/ethnic identity was self-reported. Urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF), and S (BPS), and methyl- (MePb), ethyl- (EtPb), propyl- (PrPb), and buty2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-06-08T04:53:29.444Z2026-06-08T03:09:01.62ZS-EPMC125831493995543410.1038/s41370-025-00750-w