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Resting ECGs were completed at the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year study visits and analyzed for minor and major abnormalities and CAN assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in 4,769 participants. Incidence of new major, minor, and any ECG abnormalities and CAN by treatment group was analyzed using logistic repeated-measures models at years 2 and 4 adjusted for baseline risk factors.<h4>Results</h4>At"],"journal":["Diabetes care"],"pubmed_title":["Differences in Prevalence and Incidence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Among Randomized Glucose-Lowering Treatments in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) Cohort."],"pmcid":["PMC12583396"],"funding_grant_id":["UL1 TR002243","P30 DK092926","UL1 TR002489","UL1 TR002378","UL1 TR002345","UL1 TR002548","UL1 TR002537","P30 DK017047","U54 GM104940","UL1 TR002535","UL1 TR000445","UL1 TR000439","UL1 TR002529","U34 DK088043","UL1 TR001449","UL1 TR001108","P30 DK072476","UL1 TR001409","U01 DK098246","U01DK098246","P30 DK020572","U34-DK-088043","P30 DK079626","P30 DK020541"],"pubmed_authors":["Estrada L","Pucchetti B","Schield E","Petrovitch H","Utzschneider 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KJ"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Differences in Prevalence and Incidence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Among Randomized Glucose-Lowering Treatments in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) Cohort.","description":"<h4>Objective</h4>To describe the prevalence and incidence of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities and ECG-derived cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in the GRADE cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) <10 years.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Individuals with T2D taking metformin alone were randomly assigned to add insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin. Resting ECGs were completed at the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year study visits and analyzed for minor and major abnormalities and CAN assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in 4,769 participants. Incidence of new major, minor, and any ECG abnormalities and CAN by treatment group was analyzed using logistic repeated-measures models at years 2 and 4 adjusted for baseline risk factors.<h4>Results</h4>At","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Nov","modification":"2026-05-26T20:07:37.048Z","creation":"2026-05-26T03:12:13.204Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12583396","cross_references":{"pubmed":["40986645"],"doi":["10.2337/dc25-1087"]}}