{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Cheng Z"],"funding":["Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)","National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)"],"pagination":["9669"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12583446"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["16(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Introduced by David Thouless in 1983, Thouless pumping is a driving mechanism for topological systems where the pumped charge is quantized by the Chern number. The recent theoretical demonstration of returning Thouless pumping describes a system where the quantized charge pumped during the first half of the cycle returns to zero in the second half. This mechanism leads to crystalline symmetry-protected delicate topological insulators that, unlike conventional topological bands, are not atomically obstructed and can be described by Wannier functions. More precisely, delicate topologies feature multicellular Wannier functions, extending beyond a single unit cell. Here, by using adding synthetic dimension, we realize a two-dimensional delicate topological insulator consisting of a set of one-"],"journal":["Nature communications"],"pubmed_title":["Observation of returning Thouless pumping."],"pmcid":["PMC12583446"],"funding_grant_id":["4937205, 4937206, 4053729 and 4411765","62401491"],"pubmed_authors":["Yue S","Zhao YX","Xie W","Long Y","Teo HT","Yu Z","Zhang B","Xue H","Cheng Z"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Observation of returning Thouless pumping.","description":"Introduced by David Thouless in 1983, Thouless pumping is a driving mechanism for topological systems where the pumped charge is quantized by the Chern number. The recent theoretical demonstration of returning Thouless pumping describes a system where the quantized charge pumped during the first half of the cycle returns to zero in the second half. This mechanism leads to crystalline symmetry-protected delicate topological insulators that, unlike conventional topological bands, are not atomically obstructed and can be described by Wannier functions. More precisely, delicate topologies feature multicellular Wannier functions, extending beyond a single unit cell. Here, by using adding synthetic dimension, we realize a two-dimensional delicate topological insulator consisting of a set of one-","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Nov","modification":"2026-06-05T11:30:21.868Z","creation":"2026-05-16T03:12:58.208Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12583446","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41184248"],"doi":["10.1038/s41467-025-64671-w"]}}