biostudies-literatureUnknown20(1)Liang YTo investigate the causal relationship between two adverse reproductive outcomes (male infertility and spontaneous abortion) and COVID-19 infection using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. A two-sample MR study was conducted to examine potential causal links between COVID-19 infection severity and reproductive outcomes, using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from European-ancestry populations. GWAS summary statistics were analyzed for COVID-19 phenotypes (infection: <i>n</i> = 1,683,769; hospitalized: <i>n</i> = 1,557,411; very severe respiratory-confirmed: <i>n</i> = 1,388,342; critical illness: <i>n</i> = 10,056) and reproductive outcomes (spontaneous abortion: <i>n</i> = 98,453; male infertility: <i>n</i> = 73,479). Causal estimates were calculatedOpen life sciences20251188https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12596030biostudies-literatureCan coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.PMC12596030Liang YHe XMa XLiu CLiu TNiu XfalseCan coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.To investigate the causal relationship between two adverse reproductive outcomes (male infertility and spontaneous abortion) and COVID-19 infection using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. A two-sample MR study was conducted to examine potential causal links between COVID-19 infection severity and reproductive outcomes, using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from European-ancestry populations. GWAS summary statistics were analyzed for COVID-19 phenotypes (infection: <i>n</i> = 1,683,769; hospitalized: <i>n</i> = 1,557,411; very severe respiratory-confirmed: <i>n</i> = 1,388,342; critical illness: <i>n</i> = 10,056) and reproductive outcomes (spontaneous abortion: <i>n</i> = 98,453; male infertility: <i>n</i> = 73,479). Causal estimates were calculated2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-05T14:24:22.037Z2026-05-17T03:12:31.94ZS-EPMC125960304121106010.1515/biol-2025-1188