biostudies-literatureUnknown8(11)Turner DP<h4>Importance</h4>Identifying migraine triggers is a common goal for individuals with migraine but remains challenging due to the vast number of possible triggers and their fluctuating nature. A measurement system quantified through information-theoretic surprisal (ie, the negative logarithm of the probability of an observed exposure) could be valuable for evaluating the wide range of possible triggers for future migraine attacks.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the association between surprisal and future headache attacks.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study conducted from April 2021 to December 2024 included 109 participants with migraine who completed diary entries of potential migraine triggers and migraine attacks within 12 and 24 hours after trigger exposure twicJAMA network opene2542944https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12606372biostudies-literatureInformation-Theoretic Trigger Surprisal and Future Headache Activity.PMC12606372Patel TCaplis EHoule TTTurner DPfalseInformation-Theoretic Trigger Surprisal and Future Headache Activity.<h4>Importance</h4>Identifying migraine triggers is a common goal for individuals with migraine but remains challenging due to the vast number of possible triggers and their fluctuating nature. A measurement system quantified through information-theoretic surprisal (ie, the negative logarithm of the probability of an observed exposure) could be valuable for evaluating the wide range of possible triggers for future migraine attacks.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the association between surprisal and future headache attacks.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study conducted from April 2021 to December 2024 included 109 participants with migraine who completed diary entries of potential migraine triggers and migraine attacks within 12 and 24 hours after trigger exposure twic2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-06-05T13:21:19.636Z2026-05-17T03:13:02.775ZS-EPMC126063724121775110.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.42944