biostudies-literatureUnknown26(21)Kotlowska AMaternal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with impaired fetal growth and long-term disease risk (DOHaD, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease). Whether placental steroid hormones are independently altered remains a matter of debate. We quantified six placental steroids (estradiol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, testosterone, and pregnanediol) using HPLC-Corona CAD in 70 deliveries (C = 30; PS = 20; AS = 20). Distributional differences were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise Mann-Whitney tests with Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) control. Adjusted associations used log-linear OLS with HC3 robust SE: Model A (gestational age, maternal BMI, newborn sex) and Model B (Model A + birth weight), reported as percent change vs. controls, computed as (exp(β) - 1) × 100 with 95% CI. SecondarInternational journal of molecular sciences10548https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12609261biostudies-literatureTargeted Analysis of Placental Steroid Hormones in Relation to Maternal Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Early Markers Relevant to DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease).PMC12609261Kotlowska AStettner RSzefer PFitzek SNarkowicz SKielbratowska BfalseTargeted Analysis of Placental Steroid Hormones in Relation to Maternal Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Early Markers Relevant to DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease).Maternal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with impaired fetal growth and long-term disease risk (DOHaD, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease). Whether placental steroid hormones are independently altered remains a matter of debate. We quantified six placental steroids (estradiol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, testosterone, and pregnanediol) using HPLC-Corona CAD in 70 deliveries (C = 30; PS = 20; AS = 20). Distributional differences were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise Mann-Whitney tests with Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) control. Adjusted associations used log-linear OLS with HC3 robust SE: Model A (gestational age, maternal BMI, newborn sex) and Model B (Model A + birth weight), reported as percent change vs. controls, computed as (exp(β) - 1) × 100 with 95% CI. Secondar2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-05-17T03:09:17.516Z2026-05-17T03:07:46.76ZS-EPMC126092614122658610.3390/ijms262110548