biostudies-literatureUnknown13Price CA<h4>Introduction</h4>The availability and use of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is variable with unclear impact on infant outcomes. This review evaluates the published evidence on SRT in the management of preterm neonates with RDS in LMICs, with a focus on SRT availability, administration, timing, type, and cost.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic scoping review of seven databases was conducted, following the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines extension for Scoping Reviews. English language systematic reviews and observational and experimental studies, published between January 2010 and July 2023, were eligible for this review. Case reports, small case series, and qualitativeFrontiers in pediatrics1685625https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12634560biostudies-literatureA systematic scoping review of the use of surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates in low- and middle-income countries.PMC12634560Price CAZar HJMorrow BMTooke LfalseA systematic scoping review of the use of surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates in low- and middle-income countries.<h4>Introduction</h4>The availability and use of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is variable with unclear impact on infant outcomes. This review evaluates the published evidence on SRT in the management of preterm neonates with RDS in LMICs, with a focus on SRT availability, administration, timing, type, and cost.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic scoping review of seven databases was conducted, following the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines extension for Scoping Reviews. English language systematic reviews and observational and experimental studies, published between January 2010 and July 2023, were eligible for this review. Case reports, small case series, and qualitative2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-05T19:49:30.735Z2026-05-21T03:10:47.183ZS-EPMC126345604127802410.3389/fped.2025.1685625