biostudies-literatureZhou YNational Natural Science Foundation of China249https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12639142biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)Complicated relationships exist among lifestyles, gut microbiome (GM), and human health. Lifestyles can modulate the composition and function of GM, hence influencing the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Recently, the socio-economic growth in China has led to the emergence of urbanized lifestyles, including unbalanced eating patterns and a sedentary lifestyle, causing an increased incidence of lifestyle-related NCDs among the Chinese population. In this review, we discussed the impact of lifestyle specific to the Chinese population on the GM and highlighted the mechanistic evidence that the commensals and their metabolites prevent or promote the pathogenesis of common lifestyle-related NCDs in China. Additionally, we described several microbiome-targeted therapies derived fNPJ science of foodGut microbiota-driven diseases and intervention strategies - lessons from China.PMC12639142821041733240210562306083Xiong YYang WCifuentes AGong TRen LLu WCao YYi CYe GZhou YXiao DIbanez EfalseGut microbiota-driven diseases and intervention strategies - lessons from China.Complicated relationships exist among lifestyles, gut microbiome (GM), and human health. Lifestyles can modulate the composition and function of GM, hence influencing the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Recently, the socio-economic growth in China has led to the emergence of urbanized lifestyles, including unbalanced eating patterns and a sedentary lifestyle, causing an increased incidence of lifestyle-related NCDs among the Chinese population. In this review, we discussed the impact of lifestyle specific to the Chinese population on the GM and highlighted the mechanistic evidence that the commensals and their metabolites prevent or promote the pathogenesis of common lifestyle-related NCDs in China. Additionally, we described several microbiome-targeted therapies derived f2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-06-05T17:27:08.07Z2026-05-19T03:11:58.412ZS-EPMC126391424127183810.1038/s41538-025-00610-9