biostudies-literatureRatnayake ANIAID NIH HHSDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases3721-3732https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12644162biostudies-literatureUnknown12(6)<h4>Background</h4>Vaccine hesitancy has been a significant concern throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy can be attributed to lack of confidence in vaccines, complacency about the health threat, or lack of convenience of vaccination. To date, few studies have used methods designed to include populations underrepresented in research when identifying factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.<h4>Methods</h4>Between January and July 2021, potential participants were recruited from community venues selected through time-location sampling in 15 defined communities in the United States. Study staff administered a questionnaire on demographics, COVID-19 behaviors and attitudes, and vaccination status or intention to consenting individuals. Vaccine hesitancy was analyzed among thoseJournal of racial and ethnic health disparitiesVaccine Hesitancy at Nine Community Sites Across the United States, Early in COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout.PMC12644162UM1AI068619UM1 AI068619Ratnayake ASwaminathan SJustman JSobieszczyk MEHirsch-Moverman YKissinger PJTapsoba JDCoVPN 5002 Study TeamHo KSkalland TFarley JEHernandez JHOluyomi AMayer SfalseVaccine Hesitancy at Nine Community Sites Across the United States, Early in COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout.<h4>Background</h4>Vaccine hesitancy has been a significant concern throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy can be attributed to lack of confidence in vaccines, complacency about the health threat, or lack of convenience of vaccination. To date, few studies have used methods designed to include populations underrepresented in research when identifying factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.<h4>Methods</h4>Between January and July 2021, potential participants were recruited from community venues selected through time-location sampling in 15 defined communities in the United States. Study staff administered a questionnaire on demographics, COVID-19 behaviors and attitudes, and vaccination status or intention to consenting individuals. Vaccine hesitancy was analyzed among those2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-05T18:54:23.232Z2026-05-20T03:14:37.539ZS-EPMC126441623926454110.1007/s40615-024-02172-0