biostudies-literatureOrtiz AIntramural CDC HHS555-571https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12646115biostudies-literatureUnknown108(4)To date, the primary focus of chronic kidney disease (CKD) care has been on managing disease progression, complications, and kidney failure. In contrast, maintaining kidney health and preventing CKD have received limited attention, despite their potential to save millions of lives, reduce health care costs, and lessen environmental burdens. The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) concept frames CKD as part of a complex, high-risk syndrome requiring global risk assessment and multifactorial intervention. CKD incidence along with CKM risk factors may be reduced by a healthy diet, physical activity, and a supportive environment. However, risk for CKD does extend beyond the cardiovascular-metabolic component, and residual risk persists despite healthy lifestyles and treatment of risk factorsKidney internationalPreventing chronic kidney disease and maintaining kidney health: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.PMC12646115CC999999Garcia-Garcia GAnanda Jayalal TBRossing PTonelli MEckardt KUSaez-Rodriguez JMihaylova BWanner CKing JMVilaseca JIx JHNdumele CEPavkov MEJager KJKiryluk KCarina Ferreira ACorrea-Rotter RNoronha ILChan JCNTangri NTummalapalli SLArreola Guerra JMJardine MJJolly SEShlipak MGChong KNicholas SBFreedman BITorra RSt Peter WLSola LGonzalez-Quiroz MWong LPConference ParticipantsStevens PEBjornstad PKramer HLuyckx VAOrtiz JSunwold DSarafidis PAOrtiz AGallego DHwang SJWang AYScammell MKde Boer IHIngelfinger JRRomagnani PKhunti KTsukamoto YGarcia-Trabanino RLevin AFioretto PTuglular SGrams MEFu ELJadoul MTuttle KRGansevoort RCheung MMelamed MLAshuntantang GJha VIshani AKalyesubula RSaran RAlieri EfalsePreventing chronic kidney disease and maintaining kidney health: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.To date, the primary focus of chronic kidney disease (CKD) care has been on managing disease progression, complications, and kidney failure. In contrast, maintaining kidney health and preventing CKD have received limited attention, despite their potential to save millions of lives, reduce health care costs, and lessen environmental burdens. The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) concept frames CKD as part of a complex, high-risk syndrome requiring global risk assessment and multifactorial intervention. CKD incidence along with CKM risk factors may be reduced by a healthy diet, physical activity, and a supportive environment. However, risk for CKD does extend beyond the cardiovascular-metabolic component, and residual risk persists despite healthy lifestyles and treatment of risk factors2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-06-05T18:57:08.619Z2026-05-20T03:14:09.197ZS-EPMC126461154053645510.1016/j.kint.2025.04.005