biostudies-literatureLee GNational Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)Ministry of Health and Welfare (Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs)10439https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12647634biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Endometrial receptivity is a critical determinant of embryo implantation and early pregnancy success; however, current methods for assessing endometrial receptivity remain poorly validated and insufficiently reliable for clinical application. Here, we establish a patient-derived vascularised endometrium-on-a-chip (EoC), successfully replicating the dynamic microenvironment and both temporal and spatial architecture of native endometrial tissue. Using our EoC, we develop a clinically relevant endometrial receptivity scoring system, ERS², which integrates molecular profiling of established receptivity markers with quantitative analyses of angiogenesis. The ERS² enables personalised assessment of endometrial health and implantation potential, addressing inter-patient varNature communicationsMicroengineered patient-derived endometrium-on-a-chip for the evaluation of endometrial receptivity and personalised translational medicine.PMC12647634RS-2025-02214614RS-2023-00240820RS-2024-00338274RS-2024-00406054Kim YYKang YJAhn JHwang SYLee JKoo HSKu SYLee YGYu WJLee GLee DPark JCfalseMicroengineered patient-derived endometrium-on-a-chip for the evaluation of endometrial receptivity and personalised translational medicine.Endometrial receptivity is a critical determinant of embryo implantation and early pregnancy success; however, current methods for assessing endometrial receptivity remain poorly validated and insufficiently reliable for clinical application. Here, we establish a patient-derived vascularised endometrium-on-a-chip (EoC), successfully replicating the dynamic microenvironment and both temporal and spatial architecture of native endometrial tissue. Using our EoC, we develop a clinically relevant endometrial receptivity scoring system, ERS², which integrates molecular profiling of established receptivity markers with quantitative analyses of angiogenesis. The ERS² enables personalised assessment of endometrial health and implantation potential, addressing inter-patient var2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-06-05T16:41:25.065Z2026-05-18T03:12:56.864ZS-EPMC126476344129057010.1038/s41467-025-65406-7