biostudies-literatureBoni RMinistero dell'università e della ricerca1363https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12649543biostudies-literatureUnknown14(11)Cryopreservation of equine semen remains challenging due to pronounced individual variability in cryotolerance. Because freezing induces oxidative stress and spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to such damage, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of natural extracts from nutraceutical compounds with high antioxidant activity, specifically matcha, spirulina, and horseradish, as well as quercetin, a well-known antioxidant molecule. These compounds were added to the freezing extender, and semen from 12 Salernitano stallions (48 ejaculates in total) was analyzed. Several parameters were assessed, including sperm kinetics, bioenergetics, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, and the sperm DNA fragmentation index, both before and after cryopreservation. Neither the natAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)Enhancing Stallion Semen Cryopreservation: Selected Antioxidant Extracts and Sperm Freezability.PMC126495432022ERKW4P CUP MASTER: C53D23005260006Preziosi GGallo ABoni RCecchini Gualandi SRuggiero RDe Luca FFerrara MAMurano COstuni AGuerriero SfalseEnhancing Stallion Semen Cryopreservation: Selected Antioxidant Extracts and Sperm Freezability.Cryopreservation of equine semen remains challenging due to pronounced individual variability in cryotolerance. Because freezing induces oxidative stress and spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to such damage, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of natural extracts from nutraceutical compounds with high antioxidant activity, specifically matcha, spirulina, and horseradish, as well as quercetin, a well-known antioxidant molecule. These compounds were added to the freezing extender, and semen from 12 Salernitano stallions (48 ejaculates in total) was analyzed. Several parameters were assessed, including sperm kinetics, bioenergetics, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, and the sperm DNA fragmentation index, both before and after cryopreservation. Neither the nat2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-05-19T03:22:44.657Z2026-05-19T03:12:01.525ZS-EPMC126495434130052010.3390/antiox14111363