biostudies-literatureTauber ZPalacky University Olomouc, Czech republic2606https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12650028biostudies-literatureUnknown13(11)<b>Background</b>: Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-origin macrophages in the placental villous stroma that contribute to immune tolerance at the feto-maternal interface. They predominantly display an M2 phenotype, characterized by CD206 expression. <b>Methods</b>: Using immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis, we quantified HBCs, assessed CD206 intensity and morphology, and evaluated apoptotic body accumulation in placental villi. Comparisons were made among pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and normoglycemic controls, as well as between male and female fetuses. <b>Results</b>: Significant effects of maternal diabetes and fetal sex on CD206 intensity were observed ([diagnosis: F = 2773.00, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; sex: F = 12.BiomedicinesFetal Sex Modulates Hofbauer Cells' Response to Diabetes in Human Placenta.PMC12650028IGA_LF_2025_001Koubova KBurianova AMrstik MCizkova KTauber ZfalseFetal Sex Modulates Hofbauer Cells' Response to Diabetes in Human Placenta.<b>Background</b>: Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-origin macrophages in the placental villous stroma that contribute to immune tolerance at the feto-maternal interface. They predominantly display an M2 phenotype, characterized by CD206 expression. <b>Methods</b>: Using immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis, we quantified HBCs, assessed CD206 intensity and morphology, and evaluated apoptotic body accumulation in placental villi. Comparisons were made among pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and normoglycemic controls, as well as between male and female fetuses. <b>Results</b>: Significant effects of maternal diabetes and fetal sex on CD206 intensity were observed ([diagnosis: F = 2773.00, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; sex: F = 12.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-05-19T03:20:58.781Z2026-05-19T03:12:16.694ZS-EPMC126500284130170110.3390/biomedicines13112606