biostudies-literatureWu YKey R&D project in Shaanxi ProvinceNational Science Foundation of ChinaOpen fund of National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases2526https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12654024biostudies-literatureUnknown13(11)Rural tropical regions face escalating threats from zoonotic AIV and dengue virus but lack sewered infrastructure for conventional wastewater surveillance. We implemented surface water-based surveillance (SWBS) in peri-urban Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Ruili (China) from July to November 2023 and coupled it with machine learning-enhanced digital epidemiology. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect the M gene of AIV and to subtype H1, H5, H7, H9, and H10 in surface water. Wild bird feces (<i>n</i> = 40) were collected within 3 km of positive sites to source-track AIV. For the dengue virus, a serogroup-specific RT-qPCR assay targeting the CprM gene was used. Genomic sequencing of AIV and dengue virus was performed to elucidate phylogenetic relationships with localMicroorganismsHarnessing a Surface Water-Based Multifaceted Approach to Combat Zoonotic Viruses: A Rural Perspective from Bangladesh and China.PMC126540242025NC-YBXM-1042024NITFID31082505614Yang XZahan NFu SDu CLong YDeng ZDu XWu YfalseHarnessing a Surface Water-Based Multifaceted Approach to Combat Zoonotic Viruses: A Rural Perspective from Bangladesh and China.Rural tropical regions face escalating threats from zoonotic AIV and dengue virus but lack sewered infrastructure for conventional wastewater surveillance. We implemented surface water-based surveillance (SWBS) in peri-urban Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Ruili (China) from July to November 2023 and coupled it with machine learning-enhanced digital epidemiology. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect the M gene of AIV and to subtype H1, H5, H7, H9, and H10 in surface water. Wild bird feces (<i>n</i> = 40) were collected within 3 km of positive sites to source-track AIV. For the dengue virus, a serogroup-specific RT-qPCR assay targeting the CprM gene was used. Genomic sequencing of AIV and dengue virus was performed to elucidate phylogenetic relationships with local2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-05-19T03:26:56.994Z2026-05-19T03:12:20.319ZS-EPMC126540244130421210.3390/microorganisms13112526