biostudies-literatureUnknown27Jiang W<h4>Background</h4>In resource-limited areas, severe shortages of radiologists contribute to high rates of missed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases when relying solely on conventional chest X-ray (CXR). Although artificial intelligence-powered computer-aided detection (CAD) has proven effective in PTB diagnosis, its real-world performance remains underexplored.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to evaluate the real-world diagnostic yield of CAD technology as a triage tool for detecting PTB in primary health care facilities in high-burden areas.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective paired-design diagnostic yield study using CXR images collected from 7 county- and 32 township-level health care facilities in Yichang city between 2022 and 2024 year. All images were retrospectively reprJournal of medical Internet researche83041https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12670047biostudies-literatureAI-Powered Chest X-Ray for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in County and Township Health Care Facilities in Yichang: Retrospective, Real-World Study.PMC12670047Xiong JLiu JShao JZhou PZhang HWang HYu JYang XLi ZJiang WJiang XWang YSu XfalseAI-Powered Chest X-Ray for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in County and Township Health Care Facilities in Yichang: Retrospective, Real-World Study.<h4>Background</h4>In resource-limited areas, severe shortages of radiologists contribute to high rates of missed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases when relying solely on conventional chest X-ray (CXR). Although artificial intelligence-powered computer-aided detection (CAD) has proven effective in PTB diagnosis, its real-world performance remains underexplored.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to evaluate the real-world diagnostic yield of CAD technology as a triage tool for detecting PTB in primary health care facilities in high-burden areas.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective paired-design diagnostic yield study using CXR images collected from 7 county- and 32 township-level health care facilities in Yichang city between 2022 and 2024 year. All images were retrospectively repr2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T07:35:23.024Z2026-06-06T03:05:49.435ZS-EPMC126700474132850810.2196/83041