biostudies-literatureUnknown7Coppeta L<h4>Background</h4>Micro-pollutants, such as particulate matter, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and persistent organic pollutants, raise significant concerns regarding reproductive health in both humans and animals.<h4>Methods</h4>This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, assessed available evidence on micro-pollutant exposure and reproductive outcomes. Out of 2,134 records identified, 52 studies (31 human, 21 animal) met inclusion criteria.<h4>Results</h4>Exposure to micro-pollutants was consistently associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Human studies reported increased risks of irregular menstruation, preterm delivery (OR = 1.42), intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 1.36), and reductions in sperm concentration (SMD = -0.Frontiers in toxicology1671098https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12673271biostudies-literatureSystematic literature review and meta-analysis on the reproductive effects of micro- pollutants in humans and animals.PMC12673271Ferrari CCampagnolo LIppoliti LMagrini ACoppeta LfalseSystematic literature review and meta-analysis on the reproductive effects of micro- pollutants in humans and animals.<h4>Background</h4>Micro-pollutants, such as particulate matter, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and persistent organic pollutants, raise significant concerns regarding reproductive health in both humans and animals.<h4>Methods</h4>This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, assessed available evidence on micro-pollutant exposure and reproductive outcomes. Out of 2,134 records identified, 52 studies (31 human, 21 animal) met inclusion criteria.<h4>Results</h4>Exposure to micro-pollutants was consistently associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Human studies reported increased risks of irregular menstruation, preterm delivery (OR = 1.42), intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 1.36), and reductions in sperm concentration (SMD = -0.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-05T23:10:53.815Z2026-05-23T03:13:37.846ZS-EPMC126732714134704410.3389/ftox.2025.1671098