biostudies-literatureUnknown7(6)Bongert MMultiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. While treatment made huge advances, progression remains a challenge. Eomesodermin⁺ Th cells are associated with cytotoxicity, neuroinflammation and disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We performed a prospective longitudinal study over one year to investigate the role of Eomesodermin⁺ T cells in multiple sclerosis progression and neurodegeneration. Patients underwent detailed clinical assessment and immunophenotyping. In a subcohort of patients, cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry was performed. Frequencies of Eomesodermin⁺ Th cells could differentiate between patients with secondary and primary progressBrain communicationsfcaf415https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12673330biostudies-literatureEomesodermin-expressing CD4 Th cells and association with multiple sclerosis progression and brain atrophy.PMC12673330Bratek DBeyer LGerwert KAyzenberg IGold RVohl KLukas CMattukat AFaissner SSchneider RCeylan USchmitz ILadopoulos TSchonauer EBongert MTrendelenburg PYamamura TfalseEomesodermin-expressing CD4 Th cells and association with multiple sclerosis progression and brain atrophy.Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. While treatment made huge advances, progression remains a challenge. Eomesodermin⁺ Th cells are associated with cytotoxicity, neuroinflammation and disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We performed a prospective longitudinal study over one year to investigate the role of Eomesodermin⁺ T cells in multiple sclerosis progression and neurodegeneration. Patients underwent detailed clinical assessment and immunophenotyping. In a subcohort of patients, cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry was performed. Frequencies of Eomesodermin⁺ Th cells could differentiate between patients with secondary and primary progress2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-05-23T03:25:50.937Z2026-05-23T03:13:49.423ZS-EPMC126733304134646610.1093/braincomms/fcaf415