biostudies-literatureUnknown21(1)Luo JThe APOLLO trial demonstrated that anlotinib plus penpulimab significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival compared to sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this regimen from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. We constructed a partitioned survival model comprising three health states to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anlotinib plus penpulimab versus sorafenib for unresectable HCC. Over a 10-y time horizon, we compared the total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) between two groups. The robustness of the results was validated through one-way sensHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2582294https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12674322biostudies-literatureCost-effectiveness analysis of anlotinib plus penpulimab versus sorafenib in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.PMC12674322Gui CDu QLiu JLi ZLuo JfalseCost-effectiveness analysis of anlotinib plus penpulimab versus sorafenib in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.The APOLLO trial demonstrated that anlotinib plus penpulimab significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival compared to sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this regimen from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. We constructed a partitioned survival model comprising three health states to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anlotinib plus penpulimab versus sorafenib for unresectable HCC. Over a 10-y time horizon, we compared the total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) between two groups. The robustness of the results was validated through one-way sens2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-07-16T07:26:22.717Z2026-07-09T10:43:55.894ZS-EPMC126743224132697610.1080/21645515.2025.2582294