biostudies-literatureHarquel SSwiss National Science FoundationWyss Center for Bio- and NeuroengineeringETH Domain983-996https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12686178biostudies-literatureUnknown39(12)BackgroundStroke is the leading cause of long-term disability, making the search for successful rehabilitation treatment one of the most important public health issues. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying impairment and recovery is critical for optimizing treatments. Objective: We studied the longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory modes, linked to GABAergic system activity, and determined their importance for residual upper-limb motor functions and recovery.MethodsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was combined with scalp Electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze TMS-induced brain oscillations in a cohort of 66 stroke patients in the acute (N = 60), early (N = 48), and late subacute stages (N = 37).ResultsA data-driven parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) approacNeurorehabilitation and neural repairBrain Oscillatory Modes as a Proxy of Stroke Recovery.PMC12686178197899Personalized Health and Related Technologies (PHRTNIBS-iCog, 320030L_197899 / 1WP030Cadic-Melchior ABeanato EAdolphsen JConstantin CKoch PJVuadens PBlanke OJagella CHummel FCMicera SAlvarez VMeyer NHTurlan JLMorishita TVan de Ville DMuhl AWessel MJEgger PMenoud PLeger BFleury LCeroni MBonvin CHarquel SBrugger JEvangelista GGfalseBrain Oscillatory Modes as a Proxy of Stroke Recovery.BackgroundStroke is the leading cause of long-term disability, making the search for successful rehabilitation treatment one of the most important public health issues. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying impairment and recovery is critical for optimizing treatments. Objective: We studied the longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory modes, linked to GABAergic system activity, and determined their importance for residual upper-limb motor functions and recovery.MethodsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was combined with scalp Electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze TMS-induced brain oscillations in a cohort of 66 stroke patients in the acute (N = 60), early (N = 48), and late subacute stages (N = 37).ResultsA data-driven parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) approac2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T00:11:11.188Z2026-05-23T03:13:54.848ZS-EPMC126861784127310310.1177/15459683251363241