biostudies-literatureUnknown37(1)Paulin TKLund University<h4>Background</h4>Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein involving many physiological processes, primarily bone turnover. Also closely related to the musculoskeletal system is the frailty syndrome.<h4>Aim</h4>To investigate if circulating osteocalcin levels and frailty are associated in the old, and in addition, if the presumed association is mediated through alterations in bone.<h4>Methods</h4>999 community-dwelling women from the OPRA (Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment) cohort, all aged 75 years. Serum total osteocalcin was measured together with bone turnover markers PINP and CTX. An OPRA-adapted frailty index was applied. Association between osteocalcin and frailty was investigated using both logistic regression (osteocalcin quintiles Q_low-Q_high; Q<sub>1</Aging clinical and experimental research342https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12689723biostudies-literatureOsteocalcin and frailty among older women.PMC12689723Malmgren LIvaska KKMcGuigan FEAPaulin TKBartosch PAkesson KEfalseOsteocalcin and frailty among older women.<h4>Background</h4>Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein involving many physiological processes, primarily bone turnover. Also closely related to the musculoskeletal system is the frailty syndrome.<h4>Aim</h4>To investigate if circulating osteocalcin levels and frailty are associated in the old, and in addition, if the presumed association is mediated through alterations in bone.<h4>Methods</h4>999 community-dwelling women from the OPRA (Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment) cohort, all aged 75 years. Serum total osteocalcin was measured together with bone turnover markers PINP and CTX. An OPRA-adapted frailty index was applied. Association between osteocalcin and frailty was investigated using both logistic regression (osteocalcin quintiles Q_low-Q_high; Q<sub>1</2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-07T04:48:05.171Z2026-06-07T03:06:04.664ZS-EPMC126897234136415110.1007/s40520-025-03239-6