biostudies-literatureUnknown12Choi Y<h4>Background</h4>A considerable body of published research on meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) exists; however, certain fundamental aspects relating to the epidemiology remain poorly characterized. These include the frequency of MUO diagnosis at referral level, reliable demographic risk factors, and the extent to which proposed diagnostic criteria are applied in referral clinical settings.<h4>Methods</h4>Based on 1,121 MUO cases (from 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2021) treated at 13 referral centers in England and 750,000 control dogs from the VetCompass Programme, this study investigated a range of demographic risk factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, we report on clinical methods used for diagnosis.<h4>Results</h4>Meningoencephalitis of uFrontiers in veterinary science1710593https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12690937biostudies-literatureMeningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs under veterinary referral care in England (2017-2021): a multicenter case control study.PMC12690937Ives ECardy TBrown THCherubini GBGranger NDe Decker SStefaniuk MLopes BASaunders LFadda AO'Neill DGTauro ALowrie MAlves LCTrevail RAdamantos SRuggeri MCappello RGoncalves RChoi YfalseMeningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs under veterinary referral care in England (2017-2021): a multicenter case control study.<h4>Background</h4>A considerable body of published research on meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) exists; however, certain fundamental aspects relating to the epidemiology remain poorly characterized. These include the frequency of MUO diagnosis at referral level, reliable demographic risk factors, and the extent to which proposed diagnostic criteria are applied in referral clinical settings.<h4>Methods</h4>Based on 1,121 MUO cases (from 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2021) treated at 13 referral centers in England and 750,000 control dogs from the VetCompass Programme, this study investigated a range of demographic risk factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, we report on clinical methods used for diagnosis.<h4>Results</h4>Meningoencephalitis of u2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-11T03:11:07.036Z2026-06-11T03:07:57.756ZS-EPMC126909374138396910.3389/fvets.2025.1710593