biostudies-literatureLi JHongkou District Health Committee Medical research projectNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSpecial Funds for Launching Scientific Research of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospitale08574https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12697803biostudies-literatureUnknown12(46)Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses serious physical, psychosocial, and economic threats to millions of patients globally each year. While current treatment options, primarily surgery and medication, vary with TBI severity, there is no universal therapeutic agent applicable in both surgical and medical contexts. In the present study, exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells (iNSC-Exo) as a versatile therapeutic agent for TBI are investigated using a preclinical murine model. The iNSC-Exo treatment is found to exert therapeutic effects by mediating anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotection, thereby promoting functional and cognitive recovery in TBI mice. Besides, two clinically inspired administration modalities are established for iNSC-Exo: local delivery and systemic delivery. TheiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)Clinically Inspired Multimodal Treatment Using Induced Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promotes Recovery of Traumatic Brain Injury through Microglial Modulation.PMC12697803sykyqd0680182271192HongkouDistrictHealthCommittee2403-08Cai BLi XXia XZheng JCLi JXu MZhang ZLiang ZZhang HTan FfalseClinically Inspired Multimodal Treatment Using Induced Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promotes Recovery of Traumatic Brain Injury through Microglial Modulation.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses serious physical, psychosocial, and economic threats to millions of patients globally each year. While current treatment options, primarily surgery and medication, vary with TBI severity, there is no universal therapeutic agent applicable in both surgical and medical contexts. In the present study, exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells (iNSC-Exo) as a versatile therapeutic agent for TBI are investigated using a preclinical murine model. The iNSC-Exo treatment is found to exert therapeutic effects by mediating anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotection, thereby promoting functional and cognitive recovery in TBI mice. Besides, two clinically inspired administration modalities are established for iNSC-Exo: local delivery and systemic delivery. Thei2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T01:23:54.864Z2026-05-24T03:11:44.486ZS-EPMC126978034099005510.1002/advs.202508574