biostudies-literatureUnknown16Yi JZ<h4>Introduction</h4>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite emerging evidence indicating that concomitant medications might impact clinical outcomes, their association with ICI efficacy is undefined in HCC.<h4>Methods</h4>The multicenter cohort included 851 HCC patients receiving ICIs between January 2018 and December 2022 in 13 institutions. Concomitant medications given within 30 days before or after the initiation of ICIs were evaluated in association with survival, tumor response, and treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) occurrence. Concomitant medications administered within 30 days before or after the initiation of ICI therapy were identified and used to categorize patients into user and non-user groups for each meFrontiers in immunology1680015https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12698624biostudies-literatureConcomitant medication use and clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune-based therapy: a multicenter analysis.PMC12698624Song HJWu XTTan GJChen MSZhou QZhu ZJZeng JZHuang CMLi LDing KXu JNing SFSong YJLiu XZhang JZLyu NZhao MYi JZYuan DZGuo RPFan YWZhang YNYou YFfalseConcomitant medication use and clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune-based therapy: a multicenter analysis.<h4>Introduction</h4>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite emerging evidence indicating that concomitant medications might impact clinical outcomes, their association with ICI efficacy is undefined in HCC.<h4>Methods</h4>The multicenter cohort included 851 HCC patients receiving ICIs between January 2018 and December 2022 in 13 institutions. Concomitant medications given within 30 days before or after the initiation of ICIs were evaluated in association with survival, tumor response, and treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) occurrence. Concomitant medications administered within 30 days before or after the initiation of ICI therapy were identified and used to categorize patients into user and non-user groups for each me2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-06T02:54:43.725Z2026-05-24T03:12:58.622ZS-EPMC126986244139482810.3389/fimmu.2025.1680015