biostudies-literatureUnknown17(50)Liu AUnderwriters LaboratoriesThe resurgence of LiFePO₄ lithium-ion batteries as a competitive alternative to nickel-cobalt systems for electric vehicle (EV) applications, driven by their superior thermal stability and cycle life, necessitates a thorough understanding of their degradation modes to develop strategies for performance and safety enhancements. This study investigates cycling-induced degradation in 18650 LiFePO₄/graphite full cells at varying charge rates. We analyze capacity degradation mechanisms through electrochemical performance, surface and bulk morphology, composition, and structure of both the cathode and anode. Our results reveal that irreversible lithium loss, primarily due to solid-electrolyte interphase formation, dominates at lower charging rates. However, above 4C, graphiACS applied materials & interfaces68650-68660https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12723637biostudies-literatureUnveiling the Graphite Electrolyte Interphase Evolution under Fast Charging Conditions in Commercial Cells.PMC12723637Jeevarajan JAKannan DRRRikka VRBao WPremnath VAh LLi WHan BShirley-Meng YRidley PLiu ABhamwala BVicencio MfalseUnveiling the Graphite Electrolyte Interphase Evolution under Fast Charging Conditions in Commercial Cells.The resurgence of LiFePO₄ lithium-ion batteries as a competitive alternative to nickel-cobalt systems for electric vehicle (EV) applications, driven by their superior thermal stability and cycle life, necessitates a thorough understanding of their degradation modes to develop strategies for performance and safety enhancements. This study investigates cycling-induced degradation in 18650 LiFePO₄/graphite full cells at varying charge rates. We analyze capacity degradation mechanisms through electrochemical performance, surface and bulk morphology, composition, and structure of both the cathode and anode. Our results reveal that irreversible lithium loss, primarily due to solid-electrolyte interphase formation, dominates at lower charging rates. However, above 4C, graphi2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-08T05:19:15.809Z2026-06-08T03:08:30.471ZS-EPMC127236374132992210.1021/acsami.5c17267