biostudies-literatureUnknownJohansen NJNIMH NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSThe basal ganglia (BG) are conserved brain regions essential for motor control, learning, emotion, and cognition, and are implicated in neurological and psychiatric disease. Yet a unified cross-species taxonomy of BG cell types is lacking, limiting translation of BG circuit mechanisms, interpretation of human genetic risk, and development of cell type-targeted tools. We present a multiomic consensus atlas of 1.8 million nuclei from human, macaque, and marmoset spanning eight BG structures. Integrating cross-species gene expression, open chromatin, and spatial profiling enables definition of conserved and divergent cell types. Alignment to existing mouse and human atlases identifies 61 homologous cell types conserved over 80 million years. We identify a STRd D2 StrioMat Hybrid medium spiny bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025.12.15.694496https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12724601biostudies-literatureCross-species consensus atlas of the primate basal ganglia.PMC12724601UM1 MH130981U24 NS133077UF1 MH128339U24 MH130919U24 MH130918R01 CA296792U24 MH130968Sanchez RKalmbach BClark MDing SLHuynh GManning ASchmitz MLiu XPDeBerardine MJames KAvola AHodge RDPham TOtto SFerrer RRivera ADKapen IBakken TEBudzillo AKedzierska KZFiabane EMorrison CSchau GYuan DDaigle TLTurner MAKrienen FMDalley RZeng HLein ESGloe JFu YRocha DGuzman JJones DLSchembri JSherman JChakka ABMcMillen DYanny AMFreiwald WTran ALee BRTing JTKroes TBarlow STTorkelson AKeene CDBertagnolli DCaceres LLevi BPEggermont JGoldy JGillis JGouwens NDaniel SDan SMcCue RGuilford NWang YMollenkopf TRay PLSeeman SCChakrabarty RRajagopal AHo WTieu MLong BCasper TThijssen JCaballero VENFrench LLeytze MSorensen SAVieth ARimorin CSobieski CYao ZLelieveldt BGarcia ADJungert MHirschstein DClose JKempynck NNg LNguy BHewitt MPhillips EShapovalova NVDubuc ASmith KMiller JAJohansen NJPena NWirthlin MBhandiwad AYazdani FKannan MOsumi-Sutherland DDee NfalseCross-species consensus atlas of the primate basal ganglia.The basal ganglia (BG) are conserved brain regions essential for motor control, learning, emotion, and cognition, and are implicated in neurological and psychiatric disease. Yet a unified cross-species taxonomy of BG cell types is lacking, limiting translation of BG circuit mechanisms, interpretation of human genetic risk, and development of cell type-targeted tools. We present a multiomic consensus atlas of 1.8 million nuclei from human, macaque, and marmoset spanning eight BG structures. Integrating cross-species gene expression, open chromatin, and spatial profiling enables definition of conserved and divergent cell types. Alignment to existing mouse and human atlases identifies 61 homologous cell types conserved over 80 million years. We identify a STRd D2 StrioMat Hybrid medium spiny 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-04T03:17:27.809Z2026-06-04T03:11:37.25ZS-EPMC127246014144617310.64898/2025.12.15.694496