biostudies-literatureTennakoon DSNatural Science Foundation of Guangdong ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaShenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research834https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12734075biostudies-literatureUnknown11(12)During a survey of plant litter-associated microfungi in Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces, China, several specimens that have carbonaceous ascomata were collected. Morphological characteristics combined with multi-gene (LSU, SSU, and <i>tef1-α</i>) phylogeny revealed that they belong to the Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae families. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) approaches. <i>Caryospora pruni</i> and <i>Pseudoastrosphaeriella zingiberacearum</i> are introduced as new species, and <i>Astrosphaeriella bambusae</i>, <i>C. quercus</i>, <i>Fissuroma caryotae</i>, and <i>Neoastrosphaeriella aquatica</i> are introduced as new host records. In addition, <i>Caryospora minima</i> is synonymized under <iJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)Global Diversity, Host Associations, and New Insights into Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae.PMC127340752021YFA0910800Grant No. 32400012Grant No. 2024C006Hongsanan SXie NTennakoon DSde Silva NIfalseGlobal Diversity, Host Associations, and New Insights into Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae.During a survey of plant litter-associated microfungi in Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces, China, several specimens that have carbonaceous ascomata were collected. Morphological characteristics combined with multi-gene (LSU, SSU, and <i>tef1-α</i>) phylogeny revealed that they belong to the Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae families. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) approaches. <i>Caryospora pruni</i> and <i>Pseudoastrosphaeriella zingiberacearum</i> are introduced as new species, and <i>Astrosphaeriella bambusae</i>, <i>C. quercus</i>, <i>Fissuroma caryotae</i>, and <i>Neoastrosphaeriella aquatica</i> are introduced as new host records. In addition, <i>Caryospora minima</i> is synonymized under <i2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-07-05T03:18:56.547Z2026-07-05T03:08:34.327ZS-EPMC127340754144066010.3390/jof11120834