biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)Victor A<h4>Background</h4>Preterm birth (PTB) remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. In Brazil, regional disparities and socioeconomic inequalities significantly affect maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aims to describe national and regional trends in preterm birth in Brazil from 2014 to 2023, examine sociodemographic disparities, and forecast future rates through 2030 using time-series analysis.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a population-based ecological analysis using data from the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC) from 2014 to 2023. PTB was defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Descriptive statistics were employed to explore maternal, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics. Temporal trends were assessed usinBMC pregnancy and childbirth1339https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12751667biostudies-literatureNational and regional Temporal trends and forecasting of preterm birth in brazil: evidence from National birth data (2014-2023) with projections to 2030.PMC12751667Victor ARondo PHXavier SPNhancololo AMMoreira VACharles CMCerqueira-Silva TBah HAFGotine AREMfalseNational and regional Temporal trends and forecasting of preterm birth in brazil: evidence from National birth data (2014-2023) with projections to 2030.<h4>Background</h4>Preterm birth (PTB) remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. In Brazil, regional disparities and socioeconomic inequalities significantly affect maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aims to describe national and regional trends in preterm birth in Brazil from 2014 to 2023, examine sociodemographic disparities, and forecast future rates through 2030 using time-series analysis.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a population-based ecological analysis using data from the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC) from 2014 to 2023. PTB was defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Descriptive statistics were employed to explore maternal, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics. Temporal trends were assessed usin2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T08:44:17.917Z2026-05-28T03:12:07.085ZS-EPMC127516674135068410.1186/s12884-025-08536-6