biostudies-literatureUnknown62Brenner J<h4>Background</h4>Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe disease that primarily affects young people and can improve with adequate treatment. We aimed to refine the anti-NMDAR Encephalitis One-year functional Status (NEOS) score by developing NEOS2, an updated model using readily available data at the time of diagnosis. We assessed the predictive value of the NEOS2-score for (1) improvement following first-line treatment, (2) functional outcome at one-year follow-up, and (3) resumption of school or work within three years.<h4>Methods</h4>In this international (France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and Spain) cohort study in patients with a definite anti-NMDAR encephalitis diagnosis (according to the clinical criteria plus antibody testing in CSF), we peThe Lancet regional health. Europe101562https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12757447biostudies-literatureDevelopment and validation of the NEOS2 score for prediction of long-term outcomes and improvement after first-line immunotherapy in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: an international cohort study.PMC12757447Leypoldt FGENERATE Study GroupTitulaer MJAngstwurm KHonnorat JFinke CHeiden MLewerenz Jvan Steenhoven RWMillot MWandinger KPSeifert-Held TVolovici VRingelstein MKumpfel TWurdack KMenge TTauber SGeis CMelzer NRauber SNeuteboom RFEisenhut KRoßling RBastiaansen AEMKraft AMunoz-Lopetegi AMuniz-Castrillo SBerger RVeenbergen SDalmau JPruss HBrenner Jde Vries JMde Bruijn MAAMAyzenberg IBertolini ARostasy KGuasp MFranken SCSillevis Smitt PAEPicard GNagtzaam MMPBien CSuhs KWKlausewitz JMartinez-Hernandez ECrijnen YSVogrig AKerstens Jvan den Berg RIizuka TRatuszny DThaler FSSchreurs MWJfalseDevelopment and validation of the NEOS2 score for prediction of long-term outcomes and improvement after first-line immunotherapy in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: an international cohort study.<h4>Background</h4>Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe disease that primarily affects young people and can improve with adequate treatment. We aimed to refine the anti-NMDAR Encephalitis One-year functional Status (NEOS) score by developing NEOS2, an updated model using readily available data at the time of diagnosis. We assessed the predictive value of the NEOS2-score for (1) improvement following first-line treatment, (2) functional outcome at one-year follow-up, and (3) resumption of school or work within three years.<h4>Methods</h4>In this international (France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and Spain) cohort study in patients with a definite anti-NMDAR encephalitis diagnosis (according to the clinical criteria plus antibody testing in CSF), we pe2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Mar2026-06-06T10:44:18.076Z2026-05-29T03:12:59.195ZS-EPMC127574474148879210.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101562