biostudies-literatureUnknown26(1)Batterson E<h4>Background</h4>Research has established Black-White low-risk cesarean delivery (CD) disparities; however, it is unknown how select structural factors are involved in this disparity and whether Biracial (Black/White) individuals face similar disparities. Our objective was to estimate the association of low-risk CD among Black, White and Biracial individuals, and determine whether these associations vary by neighborhood level racial and economic segregation.<h4>Methods</h4>Three hundred eighty-five thousand, eight hundred twenty-five nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births among Black, White, and Biracial individuals in California (2011-2019) were included from a statewide administrative birth cohort of birth certificates linked to hospital records. We used a generalized estimating eBMC pregnancy and childbirth4https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12764071biostudies-literatureThe impact of neighborhood-level racial and economic segregation on low-risk cesarean delivery among Black, White, and Biracial (Black/White) individuals.PMC12764071Batterson EBaer RJBandoli GGoldenberg SfalseThe impact of neighborhood-level racial and economic segregation on low-risk cesarean delivery among Black, White, and Biracial (Black/White) individuals.<h4>Background</h4>Research has established Black-White low-risk cesarean delivery (CD) disparities; however, it is unknown how select structural factors are involved in this disparity and whether Biracial (Black/White) individuals face similar disparities. Our objective was to estimate the association of low-risk CD among Black, White and Biracial individuals, and determine whether these associations vary by neighborhood level racial and economic segregation.<h4>Methods</h4>Three hundred eighty-five thousand, eight hundred twenty-five nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births among Black, White, and Biracial individuals in California (2011-2019) were included from a statewide administrative birth cohort of birth certificates linked to hospital records. We used a generalized estimating e2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Nov2026-06-06T10:29:10.764Z2026-05-29T03:11:19.211ZS-EPMC127640714129157410.1186/s12884-025-08502-2