biostudies-literatureUnknown112Overy DPPolar, high altitude montane and cold desert environments harbour only sparse plant life and often remain frozen for extended periods. Because of their remoteness, often combined with restricted access, such regions are rarely visited and the fungal biodiversity of the soils is scarcely studied. Despite this, when such studies are undertaken, psychrophilic <i>Penicillium</i> species are often reported and the isolates exhibit a high spectrum of biologically active compounds of biotechnological interest. Small molecule profiling by mass spectrometry (often called 'metabolomics') can supplement phylogenetic species concepts and provide information to characterize variation within species or populations. During large scale fungal isolation surveys exploring new psychrophilic fungi from high aStudies in mycology75-116https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12786642biostudies-literatureChemodiversity of &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; isolated from alpine and arctic environments, including ten new species.PMC12786642Frisvad JCSproule APrice JVisagie CMOvery DPHicks CLSeifert KAHermans AYilmaz Nvan Vuuren NIWitte TELouis-Seize GfalseChemodiversity of &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; isolated from alpine and arctic environments, including ten new species.Polar, high altitude montane and cold desert environments harbour only sparse plant life and often remain frozen for extended periods. Because of their remoteness, often combined with restricted access, such regions are rarely visited and the fungal biodiversity of the soils is scarcely studied. Despite this, when such studies are undertaken, psychrophilic <i>Penicillium</i> species are often reported and the isolates exhibit a high spectrum of biologically active compounds of biotechnological interest. Small molecule profiling by mass spectrometry (often called 'metabolomics') can supplement phylogenetic species concepts and provide information to characterize variation within species or populations. During large scale fungal isolation surveys exploring new psychrophilic fungi from high a2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-05-30T03:19:15.356Z2026-05-30T03:11:34.889ZS-EPMC127866424152287310.3114/sim.2025.112.03