biostudies-literatureYan LNational Natural Science Foundation of China29https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12797845biostudies-literatureUnknown24(1)Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting arterial walls and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While anti-inflammatory therapy is widely recognized as a critical component in the management of atherosclerosis, current treatments are often limited by adverse effects and suboptimal efficacy. Membrane-derived nanovesicles have demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and prolonged circulation times, making them effective drug delivery carriers. However, their targeting capabilities remain limited, as only a small fraction of transmembrane proteins possesses intrinsic targeting functions. To overcome these limitations and leverage the targeting capability of folate in inflammatory disease, we designed biomimetic nanovesicles modified with folate by Journal of nanobiotechnologyFolate-modified biomimetic nanovesicles loaded with a PU.1 inhibitor alleviate atherosclerosis by suppressing inflammation.PMC1279784582072033Yan LLi SPang PHe JHu XCai JGan HLi BWei JLi LShi YWei KfalseFolate-modified biomimetic nanovesicles loaded with a PU.1 inhibitor alleviate atherosclerosis by suppressing inflammation.Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting arterial walls and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While anti-inflammatory therapy is widely recognized as a critical component in the management of atherosclerosis, current treatments are often limited by adverse effects and suboptimal efficacy. Membrane-derived nanovesicles have demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and prolonged circulation times, making them effective drug delivery carriers. However, their targeting capabilities remain limited, as only a small fraction of transmembrane proteins possesses intrinsic targeting functions. To overcome these limitations and leverage the targeting capability of folate in inflammatory disease, we designed biomimetic nanovesicles modified with folate by 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T15:27:46.731Z2026-06-01T03:10:53.013ZS-EPMC127978454134562910.1186/s12951-025-03825-w