biostudies-literatureWang TResearch Project on Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management Mode in Medical InstitutionsFundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes GrantThe National Natural Science Foundation of China160https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12797909biostudies-literatureUnknown26(1)<h4>Background</h4>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a systemic disorder often initiated by adipose tissue dysfunction, is an emerging concept for integrated risk assessment. Although the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established, the optimal anthropometric index for predicting CVD risk across different stages of CKM syndrome remains undetermined.<h4>Methods</h4>This prospective cohort study utilized data of individuals with CKM syndrome in stages 0-3 from UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models with multi-variable adjustment were used to assess the associations of nine obesity-related indices-weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (CI), relative fat mass (RFM), visceral adipoBMC public healthWeight-adjusted waist index outperforms other obesity indices for cardiovascular disease prediction in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insights from UK biobank.PMC1279790982274345YM2024ZD064No. ZZ13-YQ-016 and No. ZZ13-YQ-016-C1Xu LGuo MChen PWang TZhang LChen CfalseWeight-adjusted waist index outperforms other obesity indices for cardiovascular disease prediction in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insights from UK biobank.<h4>Background</h4>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a systemic disorder often initiated by adipose tissue dysfunction, is an emerging concept for integrated risk assessment. Although the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established, the optimal anthropometric index for predicting CVD risk across different stages of CKM syndrome remains undetermined.<h4>Methods</h4>This prospective cohort study utilized data of individuals with CKM syndrome in stages 0-3 from UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models with multi-variable adjustment were used to assess the associations of nine obesity-related indices-weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (CI), relative fat mass (RFM), visceral adipo2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-09T05:38:13.255Z2026-06-09T03:07:35.493ZS-EPMC127979094135313210.1186/s12889-025-25830-2