biostudies-literatureUnknown20(1)Li L<h4>Background</h4>Autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy is an autoimmune central nervous system disorder that affects the nervous system. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous. The specific diagnostic marker of autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy is the presence of glial fibrillary acid protein antibodies. However, standardized diagnostic and therapeutic criteria are currently lacking, especially because its early clinical symptoms are similar to those of tuberculous meningitis, which leads to a high risk of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment in clinical practice.<h4>Case presentation</h4>We present two cases of autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy that were initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis. The first case is a Journal of medical case reports13https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12797936biostudies-literatureAutoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis: a case report.PMC12797936Mei NCui YTian XJiang HZhai QLi LfalseAutoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis: a case report.<h4>Background</h4>Autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy is an autoimmune central nervous system disorder that affects the nervous system. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous. The specific diagnostic marker of autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy is the presence of glial fibrillary acid protein antibodies. However, standardized diagnostic and therapeutic criteria are currently lacking, especially because its early clinical symptoms are similar to those of tuberculous meningitis, which leads to a high risk of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment in clinical practice.<h4>Case presentation</h4>We present two cases of autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytopathy that were initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis. The first case is a 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T15:27:02.01Z2026-06-01T03:11:00.963ZS-EPMC127979364135073610.1186/s13256-025-05727-9