{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Zhang D"],"funding":["Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology, Fujian province","Science and Technology Innovation start-up Fund of Fujian Children's Hospital","Fujian provincial health technology project"],"pagination":["19"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12801445"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["18(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Metabolic syndrome (MS) poses a growing threat to adolescent health, yet its sex-specific patterns remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in MS prevalence, risk factor clustering, and metabolic phenotypes among U.S. adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed cross-sectional data from 6,989 adolescents aged 12-19 years, representing 30.97 million U.S. adolescents, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2020). MS was defined based on abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, using weighted analyses to account for complex survey design.<h4>Results</h4>The overall MS prevalence was 5.1%, with a significantly higher prevalence in males than in females (6.1% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.017). Critically, no significant temporal trends in MS prevalence were observed over the 20-year period for either sex. Males accumulated more metabolic risk factors than females, showing higher rates of elevated BP (5.9% vs. 0.9%), fasting glucose (22.7% vs. 10.4%), and triglycerides (8.8% vs. 6.4%), whereas, females had higher prevalences of abdominal obesity (25.9% vs. 12.6%) and low HDL-C (22.8% vs. 18.8%). Moreover, metabolically unhealthy obesity was more common in males (13.7% vs. 10.0%). Subgroup analyses showed significant sex disparities persisted among ages 12-15, obese, non-Hispanic White, and high-income subgroups. Sensitivity analyses using alternative definitions, including waist-to-height ratio for abdominal obesity, robustly confirmed the male predominance in MS prevalence.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Male U.S. adolescents exhibited a higher MS prevalence and a more unfavorable aggregation of metabolic risk factors than females. The stability of MS prevalence over the two-decade period highlighted the need for sex-specific and developmentally targeted interventions, especially within identified high-disparity subgroups."],"journal":["Diabetology & metabolic syndrome"],"pubmed_title":["Sex differences in metabolic syndrome among U.S. adolescents, NHANES 1999-2020."],"pmcid":["PMC12801445"],"funding_grant_id":["2024J011123","YCXY202202","2024Y9545","2023QNA065"],"pubmed_authors":["Liu Y","Zhang D","Chen Z","Huang X"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Sex differences in metabolic syndrome among U.S. adolescents, NHANES 1999-2020.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Metabolic syndrome (MS) poses a growing threat to adolescent health, yet its sex-specific patterns remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in MS prevalence, risk factor clustering, and metabolic phenotypes among U.S. adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed cross-sectional data from 6,989 adolescents aged 12-19 years, representing 30.97 million U.S. adolescents, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2020). MS was defined based on abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, using weighted analyses to account for complex survey design.<h4>Results</h4>The overall MS prevalence was 5.1%, with a significantly higher prevalence in males than in females (6.1% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.017). Critically, no significant temporal trends in MS prevalence were observed over the 20-year period for either sex. Males accumulated more metabolic risk factors than females, showing higher rates of elevated BP (5.9% vs. 0.9%), fasting glucose (22.7% vs. 10.4%), and triglycerides (8.8% vs. 6.4%), whereas, females had higher prevalences of abdominal obesity (25.9% vs. 12.6%) and low HDL-C (22.8% vs. 18.8%). Moreover, metabolically unhealthy obesity was more common in males (13.7% vs. 10.0%). Subgroup analyses showed significant sex disparities persisted among ages 12-15, obese, non-Hispanic White, and high-income subgroups. Sensitivity analyses using alternative definitions, including waist-to-height ratio for abdominal obesity, robustly confirmed the male predominance in MS prevalence.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Male U.S. adolescents exhibited a higher MS prevalence and a more unfavorable aggregation of metabolic risk factors than females. The stability of MS prevalence over the two-decade period highlighted the need for sex-specific and developmentally targeted interventions, especially within identified high-disparity subgroups.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Dec","modification":"2026-06-06T14:55:49.164Z","creation":"2026-06-01T03:08:02.05Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12801445","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41382204"],"doi":["10.1186/s13098-025-02052-5"]}}