biostudies-literatureMeer RDutch Research Council (NWO)10https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12801761biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)<h4>Background</h4>Heart failure and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are the two most common cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The T₅₀ calciprotein crystallization test measures the transformation of calciprotein particles type 1 (CPP1) into CPP2 in vitro and has been introduced as a low-cost biomarker for arterial calcification and CVD risk. We aimed to investigate the association between T₅₀ and (1) heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), (2) ankle-brachial index (ABI) as measure of PAD, (3) pulse wave velocity (PWV) as measure of central arterial stiffness and (4) arterial calcification in individuals with T2DM.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional data was used of 771 individuals with T2DM (64% men, 67 [63Cardiovascular diabetologyCalciprotein crystallization time (T&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) and its association with surrogate cardiovascular disease risk markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the cross-sectional EARLY-HFpEF study.PMC1280176191718304Hoek AGMeer RPasch AVervloet MGDoesburg TBeulens JWJDal Canto Ede Jong PAElders PJMfalseCalciprotein crystallization time (T&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) and its association with surrogate cardiovascular disease risk markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the cross-sectional EARLY-HFpEF study.<h4>Background</h4>Heart failure and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are the two most common cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The T₅₀ calciprotein crystallization test measures the transformation of calciprotein particles type 1 (CPP1) into CPP2 in vitro and has been introduced as a low-cost biomarker for arterial calcification and CVD risk. We aimed to investigate the association between T₅₀ and (1) heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), (2) ankle-brachial index (ABI) as measure of PAD, (3) pulse wave velocity (PWV) as measure of central arterial stiffness and (4) arterial calcification in individuals with T2DM.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional data was used of 771 individuals with T2DM (64% men, 67 [632025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T14:57:31.133Z2026-06-01T03:07:47.619ZS-EPMC128017614137276910.1186/s12933-025-03016-9