biostudies-literatureAkhtar MFIC NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthWellcome TrustNIH HHSe0265425https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12802145biostudies-literatureUnknown17(1)Bacteriophages (phages) likely play a critical role in modulating transmission dynamics of diarrheal pathogens. This study investigated the role of phages in modulating the prevalence and seasonal patterns of major diarrheal pathogens, <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 (VCO1), enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC), <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in diarrheal patients and environmental wastewater specimens collected from six different sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2024. VCO1, ETEC, <i>Shigella</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> were detected in 10.1%, 7.8%, 1.7%, and 2.4% of diarrheal specimens, respectively. In contrast, phages targeting these pathogens were more frequently isolated, with detection rates of 20% for VCO1, 30% for ETEC, 57% for <i>Shigella</i>, and 9.2% for <i>SamBioClinical and environmental wastewater-based bacteriophage surveillance for high-impact diarrheal diseases, including cholera, in Bangladesh.PMC12802145No 206194D43 TW005572206194Hussain SNBegum YAQadri FFiroj MGBhuiyan TRChowdhury FShapiro BJKhan AIIslam Bhuiyan MAAmin MAIslam MTRahman MMJubair MAfroz RNelson EJRyan ETAkhtar MParvin NNafsi NNKhanam FThomson NRfalseClinical and environmental wastewater-based bacteriophage surveillance for high-impact diarrheal diseases, including cholera, in Bangladesh.Bacteriophages (phages) likely play a critical role in modulating transmission dynamics of diarrheal pathogens. This study investigated the role of phages in modulating the prevalence and seasonal patterns of major diarrheal pathogens, <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 (VCO1), enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC), <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in diarrheal patients and environmental wastewater specimens collected from six different sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2024. VCO1, ETEC, <i>Shigella</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> were detected in 10.1%, 7.8%, 1.7%, and 2.4% of diarrheal specimens, respectively. In contrast, phages targeting these pathogens were more frequently isolated, with detection rates of 20% for VCO1, 30% for ETEC, 57% for <i>Shigella</i>, and 9.2% for <i>Sa2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-06-11T05:19:08.388Z2026-06-11T03:07:43.602ZS-EPMC128021454136380210.1128/mbio.02654-25