biostudies-literatureNakayasu ESNIDDK NIH HHS100725https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12807541biostudies-literatureUnknown2(4)There are an estimated 3.7 million people with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D), living primarily in poor areas of the globe. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive, affordable tests to provide accurate diagnosis despite the time post-disease onset and fasting state. Here, we studied persistent urinary T1D biomarkers that can be used to develop such tests. We analyzed the urine metabolomes of three independent cohorts of samples collected within 48 h (from Indiana University), and 1 year (from University of Colorado) and 1-10 years (6 years in average) (from Children's National Medical Center) post-diagnosis. Samples were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and machine learning analyses to determine diagnostic metabolite panels. The data were also mapped into a metaboliNext researchPersistent urinary metabolic signatures in children with type 1 diabetes.PMC12807541UC4 DK104166K12 DK094712R21 DK119800DP3 DK094343P30 DK097512R01 DK138335R01 DK093954Zink EMNakayasu ESChin JMetz TOFrohnert BIKim YMFlores JESyed FBramer LMEvans-Molina CCogen FEPieper RWebb-Robertson BMKaplowitz PBfalsePersistent urinary metabolic signatures in children with type 1 diabetes.There are an estimated 3.7 million people with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D), living primarily in poor areas of the globe. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive, affordable tests to provide accurate diagnosis despite the time post-disease onset and fasting state. Here, we studied persistent urinary T1D biomarkers that can be used to develop such tests. We analyzed the urine metabolomes of three independent cohorts of samples collected within 48 h (from Indiana University), and 1 year (from University of Colorado) and 1-10 years (6 years in average) (from Children's National Medical Center) post-diagnosis. Samples were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and machine learning analyses to determine diagnostic metabolite panels. The data were also mapped into a metaboli2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-05-31T03:17:02.42Z2026-05-31T03:10:19.081ZS-EPMC128075414155137410.1016/j.nexres.2025.100725