biostudies-literatureUnknown59Zhang XBacterial infection, peri-implant inflammation, and poor osseointegration are primary causes of failure in titanium (Ti)-based implants. Surface functionalization provides a simple and effective strategy to overcome these challenges. In this study, we developed a multifunctional coating based on porous graphdiyne (GDY) nanofilm loaded with shikonin (Skn). GDY was synthesized on Ti surfaces <i>via</i> a copper-catalyzed reaction to form a porous nanostructure. Following Skn loading, a composite layer of tannic acid (TA) and poly (<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) was applied, resulting in the Ti-GDY@Skn-TP system. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the GDY coating induced localized photothermal effects sufficient to eradicate bacteria. Concurrently, the thermo-responsive release of Bioactive materials629-641https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12808909biostudies-literatureShikonin-loaded porous graphdiyne nanofilm on titanium surface for enhanced antibacterial activity and osseointegration.PMC12808909Murugesan SXu LLiu YXu KKang ETZhang XBarao VARRao XHan YLi KfalseShikonin-loaded porous graphdiyne nanofilm on titanium surface for enhanced antibacterial activity and osseointegration.Bacterial infection, peri-implant inflammation, and poor osseointegration are primary causes of failure in titanium (Ti)-based implants. Surface functionalization provides a simple and effective strategy to overcome these challenges. In this study, we developed a multifunctional coating based on porous graphdiyne (GDY) nanofilm loaded with shikonin (Skn). GDY was synthesized on Ti surfaces <i>via</i> a copper-catalyzed reaction to form a porous nanostructure. Following Skn loading, a composite layer of tannic acid (TA) and poly (<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) was applied, resulting in the Ti-GDY@Skn-TP system. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the GDY coating induced localized photothermal effects sufficient to eradicate bacteria. Concurrently, the thermo-responsive release of 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 May2026-06-11T05:27:00.618Z2026-06-11T03:08:02.179ZS-EPMC128089094155177410.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.055